Leaves
Leaf or leaflet margin character
For precison in margin description the type, the symmetry of the individual tooth, the margins of the individual tooth, the apex of the individual tooth, the type of sinus (rounded or angled), the number of teeth per unit of margin measurement, the spacing (regular or irregular) of the teeth, the nature of teeth (simple or compound in two or more size groups) should be indicated or described.
aculeate | Prickly. |  |
biserrate or doubly-serrate | With sharply cut teeth on the margins of larger sharply cut teeth. |  |
ciliate | With conspicuous trichomes (hairs) protruding from margins. |  |
cleft | Indentations or incisions cut 1/4-1/2 distance to midrib or midvein. |  |
crenate | Shallowly ascending round-toothed, or teeth obtuse; teeth cut less than 1/8 way to midrib or midvein. |  |
crenulate | Diminutive of crenate, teeth cut to 1/16 distance to midrib or midvein. |  |
crisped | Curled; margins divided and twisted in more than one plane. |  |
dentate | Margins with rounded or sharp, coarse teeth that point outwards at right angles to midrib or midvein, cut 1/16 to 1/8 distance to midrib or midvein. |  |
denticulate | Diminutive of dentate, cut to 1/16 distance to midrib or midvein. |  |
divided | Indentations or incisions cut 3/4-almost completely to midrib or midvein. |  |
entire | Without indentations or incisions on maigins; smooth. |  |
erose | Irregularly, shallowly toothed and/or lobed margins; appearing gnawed. |  |
incised | Margins sharply and deeply cut, usually jaggedly. |  |
lacerate | Margins irregularly cut, appearing torn. |  |
laciniate | Margins cut into ribbon-like segments. |  |
lobed | Large, round-toothed, cut 1/8-1/4 distance to midvein. |  |
palmatifid | Cut palmately. |  |
parted | Indentations or incisions cut 1/2-3/4 distance to midrib. |  |
pinnatifid | Cut pinnately. |  |
revolute | Margins rolled under. |  |
serrate | Saw-toothed; teeth sharp and ascending, but cut 1/16-1/8 distance to midrib or midvein. |  |
serrulate | Diminutive of serrate, but cut to 1/16 distance to midrib or midvein. |  |
sinuate | Margins shallowly and smoothly indented, wavy in a horizontal plane, without distinctive teeth or lobes, indented 1/16-1/8 distance to midrib or midvein. |  |
undulate | Margins shallowly and smoothly indented, wavy in a vertical plane. |  |